Peraturan Presiden Nomor 8 Tahun 2007 tentang PENGESAHAN CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT (KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK)

(1) Mengesahkan Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment (Konvensi tentang Kepentingan Internasional dalam Peralatan Bergerak) dengan Declaration (Pernyataan) terhadap Pasal 39 ayat (1) huruf a dan huruf b, Pasal 40, Pasal 53, dan Pasal 54 ayat (2) beserta Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment (Protokol pada Konvensi tentang Kepentingan Internasional dalam Peralatan Bergerak mengenai Masalah-masalah Khusus pada Peralatan Pesawat Udara) dengan Declaration (Pernyataan) terhadap Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal VIII, Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XII, Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XIII, Pasal XXX ayat (2) berkenaan dengan Pasal X, dan Pasal XXX ayat (3) berkenaan dengan Pasal XI yang memberlakukan Alternatif A; (2) Salinan naskah asli Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment (Konvensi tentang Kepentingan Internasional dalam Peralatan Bergerak) dengan Declaration (Pernyataan) terhadap Pasal 39 ayat (1) huruf a dan huruf b, Pasal 40, Pasal 53, dan Pasal 54 ayat (2) beserta Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Aircraft Equipment (Protokol pada Konvensi tentang Kepentingan Internasional dalam Peralatan Bergerak mengenai Masalah-masalah Khusus pada Peralatan Pesawat Udara) dengan Declaration (Pernyataan) terhadap Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal VIII, Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XII, Pasal XXX ayat (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XIII, Pasal XXX ayat (2) berkenaan dengan Pasal X, dan Pasal XXX ayat (3) berkenaan dengan Pasal XI yang memberlakukan Alternatif A, dalam Bahasa Inggris dan terjemahannya dalam Bahasa Indonesia sebagaimana terlampir dan merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari Peraturan Presiden ini.

Apabila terjadi perbedaan penafsiran antara naskah terjemahan Konvensi beserta Protokol dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan naskah aslinya dalam Bahasa Inggris sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 1, maka yang berlaku adalah naskah aslinya dalam Bahasa Inggris.

Peraturan Presiden ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal ditetapkan. Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan pengundangan Peraturan Presiden ini dengan penempatannya dalam Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia. Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 20 Pebruari 2007 PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA, ttd. DR. H. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 20 Pebruari 2007 MENTERI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA REPUBLIK INDONESIA, ttd. DR. HAMID AWALUDIN LAMPIRAN PERATURAN PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PENGESAHAN CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT (KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK) BESERTA PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON MATTERS SPECIFIC TO AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT (PROTOKOL PADA KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK MENGENAI MASALAH-MASALAH KHUSUS PADA PERALATAN PESAWAT UDARA) A. DECLARATION TO ARTICLE 39 PARAGRAPH (1) SUBPARAGRAPH A AND SUBPARAGRAPH B, ARTICLE 40, ARTICLE 53, AND ARTICLE 54 PARAGRAPH (2) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT. (i) Form No. 1 (specific opt-in declarations under the Article 39 (1) (a)) Indonesia declares that the following categories of non-consensual right or interest have priority under its laws over an interest in an aircraft object equivalent to that of the holder of a registered international interest and shall have priority over a registered international interest, whether in or outside insolvency proceedings: a. liens in favour of airline employees for unpaid wages arising since the time of a declared default under a contract to finance or lease an aircraft object; b. liens or other right of an authority of Indonesia relating to taxes or other unpaid charges arising from or related to the use of that aircraft object, and arising since the time of a declared default under a contract to finance or lease that aircraft object; and c. liens or other rights in favour of repairers of an aircraft object in their possession to the extent of service or services performed on and value added to that aircraft object. (ii) Form No. 4 (general opt-in declaration under the Article 39 (1) (b)) Indonesia declares that nothing in the Convention shall affect its right or that of any entity thereof, or any intergovernmental organization in which Indonesia is a member, or other private provider of public services in Indonesia, to arrest or detain an aircraft object under its laws for payment of amounts owed to the Government of Indonesia, any such entity, organization or provider directly relating to the service or services provided by it in respect of that or another aircraft object. (iii)Form No. 6 (opt-in declaration under the Article 40 Indonesia declares that the following categories of non-consensual right or interest shall be registrable under the Convention as regards any category of aircraft object as if the right or interest were an international interest and shall be regulated accordingly: a. liens in favour of airline employee for unpaid wages arising prior to the time of declared default under a contract to finance or lease an aircraft object; b. liens or other right of an authority of Indonesia relating to taxes or other unpaid charges arising from or related to the use of an aircraft object, and arising prior to the time of a declared default under a contract to finance or lease that aircraft object; and c. rights of a person obtaining a court order permitting attachment of an aircraft object in partial or full satisfaction of a legal judgment. (iv) Form No. 11 (declaration under the Article 53) Indonesia declares that all courts with the competent jurisdiction under the laws of Indonesia are the relevant courts for the purposes of Article 1 and Chapter XII of the Convention. (v) Form No. 13 (mandatory declaration under the Article 54 (2)) Indonesia declares that any and all remedies available to the creditor under the Convention which are not expressed under the relevant provision thereof to require application to the court may be exercised without court action and without leave of the court. B. DECLARATION TO ARTICLE XXX PARAGRAPH (1) IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE VIII, ARTICLE XXX PARAGRAPH (1) IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE XII, ARTICLE XXX IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE XIII, ARTICLE XXX PARAGRAPH (2) IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE X PROVIDING FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE ENTIRETY OF ARTICLE X, AND ARTICLE XXX PARAGRAPH (3) IN RESPECT OF ARTICLE XI PROVIDING FOR THE APPLICATION OF ALTERNATIVE A IN ITS ENTIRETY TO ALL TYPES OF INSOLVENCY PROCEEDING PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON MATTERS SPECIFIC TO AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT (i) Form No. 19 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX (1) in respect of Article VIII) Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article VIII. (ii) Form No. 26 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX (1) in respect of Artifcle XII) Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article XII. (iii)Form No, 27 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX (1) in respect of Article XIII) Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article XIII. (iv) Form No. 21 (opt-in declaration under the Article XXX (2) in respect of Article X providing for the application of the entirety of Article X) Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article X of the Protocol in its entirety and that the number of calendar days to be used for the purposes of the time limit laid down in Article X (2) of the Protocol shall be no more than: a. ten (10) calendar days in respect of the remedies specified in Article 13 (1) (a), (b) and (c) of the Convention (respectively, preservation of aircraft objects and their value; possession, control or custody of aircraft objects; and immobilization of aircraft objects); and b. thirty (30) calendar days in respect of the remedies specified in Article 13 (d) and (e) of the Convention (respectively, lease or management of aircraft object and the income thereof; and, sale and application of proceeds from aircraft object) (v) Form No. 23 (general opt-in declaration under the Article XXX (3) in respect of Article XI providing for the application of Alternative A in its entirety to all types of insolvency proceedings) Indonesia declares that it shall apply Article XI, Alternative A, of the Protocol in its entirety to all types of insolvency proceedings, and that the waiting period for the purposes of Article XI (3) of that Alternative shall be sixty (6) calendar days PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA, ttd. DR. H. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO LAMPIRAN PERATURAN PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PENGESAHAN CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT (KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK) BESERTA PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON MATTERS SPECIFIC TO AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT (PROTOKOL PADA KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK MENGENAI MASALAH-MASALAH KHUSUS PADA PERALATAN PESAWAT UDARA) A. PERNYATAAN TERHADAP PASAL 39 AYAT (1) HURUF A DAN HURUF B, PASAL 40, PASAL 53, DAN PASAL 54 AYAT (2) KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK. (i) Form No. (pernyataan-pernyataan opt-in khusus berdasarkan Pasal 39 (1) (a)) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa kategori-kategori atas hak-hak non-konsensual atau kepentingan berikut ini memiliki prioritas berdasarkan hukum-hukum negara ini atas suatu kepentingan dalam suatu objek pesawat udara yang sama dengan hal tersebut dimana pemegang dari suatu kepentingan internasional yang terdaftar dan harus memiliki prioritas atas suatu kepentingan internasional yang terdaftar, baik di dalam maupun di luar proses-proses kepailitan: a. Hak-hak gadai yang berkenaan dengan para pegawai perusahaan penerbangan atas upah-upah yang belum dibayarkan yang timbul sejak saat penundaan yang dinyatakan berdasarkan suatu kontrak pendanaan atau penyewaan suatu obyek pesawat udara; b. Hak-hak gadai atau hak-hak lain dari suatu kewenangan Indonesia berkaitan dengan pajak-pajak atau beban-beban yang belum dibayar lainnya yang timbul dari atau berkaitan dengan penggunaan obyek pesawat udara tersebut dan timbul sejak saat adanya suatu penundaan yang dinyatakan berdasarkan suatu kontrak untuk pendanaan atau penyewaan dari objek pesawat udara tersebut; dan c. Hak-hak gadai atau hak-hak lain yang berkenaan dengan perbaikan dari suatu objek pesawat udara dalam kepemilikannya hingga keperluasan jasa-jasa yang dilaksanakan atas dan nilai yang ditambahkan terhadap objek pesawat udara tersebut (ii) Form No. (pernyataan-pernyataan opt-in umum berdasarkan Pasal 39 (1) (b)) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa tidak ada dalam Konvensi tersebut yang akan berakibat terhadap haknya atau terhadap sesuatu dari suatu badan mana pun yang ada di dalam Konvensi tersebut, atau suatu organisasi antar badan pemerintah mana pun dimana Indonesia menjadi salah satu anggotanya, atau penyedia jasa swasta dari pelayanan publik yang lain di Indonesia, untuk menangkap atau menahan suatu objek pesawat udara berdasarkan undang-undang negara ini terhadap pembayaran jumlah-jumlah yang dihutang terhadap pemerintah Indonesia, suatu badan yang demikian, organisasi atau penyedia layanan yang secara langsung berhubungan dengan jasa atau pelayanan yang diberikan oleh negara ini yang berhubungan dengan hal tersebut atau objek pesawat udara lainnya (iii)Form No. 6 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal 40) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa kategori-kategori dari hak non konsensual atau kepentingan berikut ini harus terdaftar berdasarkan konvensi sebagaimana halnya suatu kategori dari objek pesawat udara seolah-olah hak atau kepentingan tersebut adalah suatu kepentingan internasional dan untuk itu harus diatur: a. Hak-hak gadai berkenaan dengan para pegawai perusahaan penerbangan atas gaji-gaji yang belum dibayarkan yang timbul sebelum waktu penundaan yang dinyatakan atas suatu kontrak terhadap pendanaan atau penyewaan suatu obyek pesawat udara; b. Hak-hak gadai atau hak lain dari suatu kewenangan Indonesia yang berkaitan dengan pajak-pajak atau beban-beban yang belum dibayarkan lain yang timbul dari atau berkaitan dengan pemakaian dari suatu obyek pesawat udara, dan yang timbul sebelum saat adanya suatu penundaan yang dinyatakan berdasarkan suatu kontrak terhadap pendanaan atau penyewaan terhadap obyek pesawat udara tersebut; dan c. Hak-hak dari seseorang yang mendapat suatu perintah pengadilan yang mengijinkan adanya lampiran dari suatu obyek pesawat udara yang memenuhi suatu keputusan hukum secara penuh atau sebagian. (iv) Form No. 11 (pernyataan berdasarkan Pasal 53) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa pengadilan dengan yurisdiksi yang berwenang berdasarkan undang-undang negara Indonesia adalah pengadilan yang relevan untuk tujuan-tujuan yang terdapat dalam Pasal 1 dan Bab XII dari Konvensi tersebut (v) Form No. 13 (pernyataan mandatorial berdasarkan Pasal 54 (2)) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa semua perbaikan yang tersedia bagi kreditur berdasarkan Konvensi tersebut yang tidak dinyatakan berdasarkan ketentuan yang relevan dengan ketentuan yang ada dalam Konvensi tersebut untuk memohonkan pengajuan terhadap pengadilan adalah dapat dilaksanakan tanpa perlu tindakan pengadilan dan tanpa memberitahu ke pada pengadilan B. PERNYATAAN TERHADAP PASAL XXX AYAT (1) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL VIII, PASAL XXX AYAT (1) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL XII, PASAL XXX AYAT (1) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL XIII, PASAL XXX AYAT (2) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL X, DAN PASAL XXX AYAT (3) BERKENAAN DENGAN PASAL XI PROTOKOL PADA KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK MENGENAI MASALAH-MASALAH KHUSUS PADA PERALATAN PESAWAT UDARA (i) Form No. 19 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal VIII) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan Pasal VIII. (ii) Form No. 26 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XII) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan Pasal XII. iii) Form No. 27 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX (1) berkenaan dengan Pasal XIII) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan Pasal XIII. (iv) Form No. 21 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX (2) berkenaan dengan Pasal X asalkan untuk diterapkan pada keseluruhan Pasal X) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa negara ini akan menerapkan Pasal X dari Protokol tersebut secara keseluruhan dan bahwa jumlah hari dalam kalender yang akan digunakan untuk tujuan-tujuan pada batas waktu yang terbentang dalam Pasal X (2) dari Protokol tersebut tidak boleh lebih dari: a. (sepuluh) hari kalender berkenaan dengan perbaikan-perbaikan yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 13 (1) (a), (b), dan (c) dari Konvensi tersebut (secara berturut-turut, penjagaan terhadap obyek-obyek pesawat udara dan nilai mereka; pemilikan, kontrol atau penjagaan atas obyek-obyek pesawat udara; dan immobilisasi atas obyek-obyek pesawat udara); dan b. 30 (Tiga puluh) hari kalender berkenaan dengan perbaikan-perbaikan yang ditentukan dalam Pasal 13 (d) dan (e) dari Konvensi tersebut (secara berturut-turut, menyewaan, atau manajemen dari obyek pesawat udara dan pendapatan yang diperoleh karenanya; dan, penjualan serta aplikasi dari perolehan yang didapat dari obyek pesawat udara) (v) Form No. 23 (pernyataan opt-in berdasarkan Pasal XXX (3) berkenaan dengan Pasal XI asalkan untuk aplikasi pada Alternatif A dari keseluruhan dari semua tipe proses-proses kepailitan) Indonesia menyatakan bahwa Indonesia menerapkan Pasal XI, Alternatif A dari keseluruhan Protokol tersebut terhadap semua tipe proses-proses kepailitan, dan bahwa periode menunggu untuk tujuan-tujuan dari Pasal XI (3) dari Alternatif itu haruslah 60 (enam puluh) hari kalender. PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA, ttd. DR. H. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, AWARE of the need to acquire and use mobile equipment of high value or particular economic significance and to facilitate the financing of the acquisition and use of such equipment in an efficient manner, RECOGNISING the advantages of asset-based financing and leasing for this purpose and desiring to facilitate these types of transaction by establishing clear rules to govern them, MINDFUL of the need to ensure that interests in such equipment are recognised and protected universally, DESIRING to provide broad and mutual economic benefits for all interested parties, BELIEVING that such rules must reflect the principles underlying asset-based financing and leasing and promote the autonomy of the parties necessary in these transactions, CONSCIOUS of the need to establish a legal framework for international interests in such equipment and for that purpose to create an international registration system for their protection, TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION the objectives and principles enunciated in existing Conventions relating to such equipment, HAVE AGREED upon the following provisions: Chapter I Sphere of application and general provisions Article 1 - Definitions In this Convention, except where the context otherwise requires, the following terms are employed with the meanings set out below: (a) "agreement" means a security agreement, a title reservation agreement or a leasing agreement; (b) "assignment" means a contract which, whether by way of security or otherwise, confers on the assignee associated rights with or without a transfer of the related international interest; (c) "associated rights" means all rights to payment or other performance by a debtor under an agreement which are secured by or associated with the object; (d) "commencement of the insolvency proceedings" means the time at which the insolvency proceedings are deemed to commence under the applicable insolvency law; (e)"conditional buyer" means a buyer under a title reservation agreement; (f) "conditional seller" means a seller under a title reservation agreement; (g) "contract of sale" means a contract for the sale of an object by a seller to a buyer which is not an agreement as defined in (a) above; (h) "court" means a court of law or an administrative or arbitral tribunal established by a Contracting State; (i) "creditor" means a chargee under a security agreement, a conditional seller under a title reservation agreement or a lessor under a leasing agreement; (j) "debtor" means a chargor under a security agreement, a conditional buyer under a title reservation agreement, a lessee under a leasing agreement or a person whose interest in an object is burdened by a registrable non-consensual right or interest; (k) "insolvency administrator" means a person authorised to administer the reorganisation or liquidation, including one authorised on an interim basis, and includes a debtor in possession if permitted by the applicable insolvency law; (l) "insolvency proceedings" means bankruptcy, liquidation or other collective judicial or administrative proceedings, including interim proceedings, in which the assets and affairs of the debtor are subject to control or supervision by a court for the purposes of reorganisation or liquidation; (m) "interested persons" means: (i) the debtor; (ii) any person who, for the purpose of assuring performance of any of the obligations in favour of the creditor, gives or issues a suretyship or demand guarantee or a standby letter of credit or any other form of credit insurance; (iii)any other person having rights in or over the object; (n) "internal transaction" means a transaction of a type listed in Article 2(2)(a) to (c) where the centre of the main interests of all parties to such transaction is situated, and the relevant object located (as specified in the Protocol), in the same Contracting State at the time of the conclusion of the contract and where the interest created by the transaction has been registered in a national registry in that Contracting State which has made a declaration under Article 50(1); (o) "international interest" means an interest held by a creditor to which Article 2 applies; (p) "International Registry" means the international registration facilities established for the purposes of this Convention or the Protocol; (q) "leasing agreement" means an agreement by which one person (the lessor) grants a right to possession or control of an object (with or without an option to purchase) to another person (the lessee) in return for a rental or other payment; (r) "national interest" means an interest held by a creditor in an object and created by an internal transaction covered by a declaration under Article 50(1); (s) "non-consensual right or interest" means a right or interest conferred under the law of a Contracting State which has made a declaration under Article 39 to secure the performance of an obligation, including an obligation to a State, State entity or an intergovernmental or private organisation; (t) "notice of a national interest" means notice registered or to be registered in the International Registry that a national interest has been created; (u) "object" means an object of a category to which Article 2 applies; (v) "pre-existing right or interest" means a right or interest of any kind in or over an object created or arising before the effective date of this Convention as defined by Article 60(2)(a); (w) "proceeds" means money or non-money proceeds of an object arising from the total or partial loss or physical destruction of the object or its total or partial confiscation, condemnation or requisition; (x) "prospective assignment" means an assignment that is intended to be made in the future, upon the occurrence of a stated event, whether or not the occurrence of the event is certain; (y) "prospective international interest" means an interest that is intended to be created or provided for in an object as an international interest in the future, upon the occurrence of a stated event (which may include the debtor's acquisition of an interest in the object), whether or not the occurrence of the event is certain; (z) "prospective sale" means a sale which is intended to be made in the future, upon the occurrence of a stated event, whether or not the occurrence of the event is certain; (aa) "Protocol" means, in respect of any category of object and associated rights to which this Convention applies, the Protocol in respect of that category of object and associated rights; (bb) registered means registered in the International Registry pursuant to Chapter V; (cc) "registered interest" means an international interest, a registrable non-consensual right or interest or a national interest specified in a notice of a national interest registered pursuant to Chapter V; (dd) "registrable non-consensual right or interest" means a non-consensual right or interest registrable pursuant to a declaration deposited under Article 40; (ee) "Registrar" means, in respect of the Protocol, the person or body designated by that Protocol or appointed under Article 17(2)(b); (ff) "regulations" means regulations made or approved by the Supervisory Authority pursuant to the Protocol; (gg) "sale" means a transfer of ownership of an object pursuant to a contract of sale; (hh) "secured obligation" means an obligation secured by a security interest; (ii) "security agreement" means an agreement by which a chargor grants or agrees to grant to a chargee an interest (including an ownership interest) in or over an object to secure the performance of any existing or future obligation of the chargor or a third person; (jj) "security interest" means an interest created by a security agreement; (kk) "Supervisory Authority" means, in respect of the Protocol, the Supervisory Authority referred to in Article 17(1); (ll) "title reservation agreement" means an agreement for the sale of an object on terms that ownership does not pass until fulfilment of the condition or conditions stated in the agreement; (mm) "unregistered interest" means a consensual interest or non-consensual right or interest (other than an interest to which Article 39 applies) which has not been registered, whether or not it is registrable under this Convention; and (nn) "writing" means a record of information (including information communicated by teletransmission) which is in tangible or other form and is capable of being reproduced in tangible form on a subsequent occasion and which indicates by reasonable means a persons approval of the record. Article 2 - The international interest 1. This Convention provides for the constitution and effects of an international interest in certain categories of mobile equipment and associated rights. 2. For the purposes of this Convention, an international interest in mobile equipment is an interest, constituted under Article 7, in a uniquely identifiable object of a category of such objects listed in paragraph 3 and designated in the Protocol: (a) granted by the chargor under a security agreement; (b) vested in a person who is the conditional seller under a title reservation agreement; or (c) vested in a person who is the lessor under a leasing agreement. An interest falling within sub-paragraph (a) does not also fall within sub-paragraph (b) or (c). 3. The categories referred to in the preceding paragraphs are: (a) airframes, aircraft engines and helicopters; (b) railway rolling stock; and (c) space assets. 4. The applicable law determines whether an interest to which paragraph 2 applies falls within sub-paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of that paragraph. 5. An international interest in an object extends to proceeds of that object. Article 3 - Sphere of application 1. This Convention applies when, at the time of the conclusion of the agreement creating or providing for the international interest, the debtor is situated in a Contracting State. 2. The fact that the creditor is situated in a non-Contracting State does not affect the applicability of this Convention. Article 4 - Where debtor is situated 1. For the purposes of Article 3(1), the debtor is situated in any Contracting State: (a) under the law of which it is incorporated or formed; (b) where it has its registered office or statutory seat; (c) where it has its centre of administration; or (d) where it has its place of business. 2. A reference in sub-paragraph (d) of the preceding paragraph to the debtors place of business shall, if it has more than one place of business, mean its principal place of business or, if it has no place of business, its habitual residence. Article 5 - Interpretation and applicable law 1. In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its purposes as set forth in the preamble, to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity and predictability in its application. 2. Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the applicable law. 3. References to the applicable law are to the domestic rules of the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law of the forum State. 4. Where a State comprises several territorial units, each of which has its own rules of law in respect of the matter to be decided, and where there is no indication of the relevant territorial unit, the law of that State decides which is the territorial unit whose rules shall govern. In the absence of any such rule, the law of the territorial unit with which the case is most closely connected shall apply. Article 6 - Relationship between the Convention and the Protocol 1. This Convention and the Protocol shall be read and interpreted together as a single instrument. 2. To the extent of any inconsistency between this Convention and the Protocol, the Protocol shall prevail. Chapter II Constitution of an international interest Article 7 - Formal requirements An interest is constituted as an international interest under this Convention where the agreement creating or providing for the interest: (a) is in writing; (b) relates to an object of which the chargor, conditional seller or lessor has power to dispose; (c) enables the object to be identified in conformity with the Protocol; and (d) in the case of a security agreement, enables the secured obligations to be determined, but without the need to state a sum or maximum sum secured. Chapter III Default remedies Article 8 - Remedies of chargee 1. In the event of default as provided in Article 11, the chargee may, to the extent that the chargor has at any time so agreed and subject to any declaration that may be made by a Contracting State under Article 54, exercise any one or more of the following remedies: (a) take possession or control of any object charged to it; (b) sell or grant a lease of any such object; (c) collect or receive any income or profits arising from the management or use of any such object. 2. The chargee may alternatively apply for a court order authorising or directing any of the acts referred to in the preceding paragraph. 3. Any remedy set out in sub-paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of paragraph 1 or by Article 13 shall be exercised in a commercially reasonable manner. A remedy shall be deemed to be exercised in a commercially reasonable manner where it is exercised in conformity with a provision of the security agreement except where such a provision is manifestly unreasonable. 4. A chargee proposing to sell or grant a lease of an object under paragraph 1 shall give reasonable prior notice in writing of the proposed sale or lease to: (a) interested persons specified in Article 1(m)(i) and (ii); and (b) interested persons specified in Article 1(m)(iii) who have given notice of their rights to the chargee within a reasonable time prior to the sale or lease. 5. Any sum collected or received by the chargee as a result of exercise of any of the remedies set out in paragraph 1 or 2 shall be applied towards discharge of the amount of the secured obligations. 6. Where the sums collected or received by the chargee as a result of the exercise of any remedy set out in paragraph 1 or 2 exceed the amount secured by the security interest and any reasonable costs incurred in the exercise of any such remedy, then unless otherwise ordered by the court the chargee shall distribute the surplus among holders of subsequently ranking interests which have been registered or of which the chargee has been given notice, in order of priority, and pay any remaining balance to the chargor. Article 9 - Vesting of object in satisfaction; redemption 1. At any time after default as provided in Article 11, the chargee and all the interested persons may agree that ownership of (or any other interest of the chargor in) any object covered by the security interest shall vest in the chargee in or towards satisfaction of the secured obligations. 2. The court may on the application of the chargee order that ownership of (or any other interest of the chargor in) any object covered by the security interest shall vest in the chargee in or towards satisfaction of the secured obligations. 3. The court shall grant an application under the preceding paragraph only if the amount of the secured obligations to be satisfied by such vesting is commensurate with the value of the object after taking account of any payment to be made by the chargee to any of the interested persons. 4. At any time after default as provided in Article 11 and before sale of the charged object or the making of an order under paragraph 2, the chargor or any interested person may discharge the security interest by paying in full the amount secured, subject to any lease granted by the chargee under Article 8(1)(b) or ordered under Article 8(2). Where, after such default, the payment of the amount secured is made in full by an interested person other than the debtor, that person is subrogated to the rights of the chargee. 5. Ownership or any other interest of the chargor passing on a sale under Article 8(1)(b) or passing under paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article is free from any other interest over which the chargees security interest has priority under the provisions of Article 29. Article 10 - Remedies of conditional seller or lessor In the event of default under a title reservation agreement or under a leasing agreement as provided in Article 11, the conditional seller or the lessor, as the case may be, may: (a) subject to any declaration that may be made by a Contracting State under Article 54, terminate the agreement and take possession or control of any object to which the agreement relates; or (b) apply for a court order authorising or directing either of these acts. Article 11 - Meaning of default 1. The debtor and the creditor may at any time agree in writing as to the events that constitute a default or otherwise give rise to the rights and remedies specified in Articles 8 to 10 and 13. 2. Where the debtor and the creditor have not so agreed, "default" for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10 and 13 means a default which substantially deprives the creditor of what it is entitled to expect under the agreement. Article 12 - Additional remedies Any additional remedies permitted by the applicable law, including any remedies agreed upon by the parties, may be exercised to the extent that they are not inconsistent with the mandatory provisions of this Chapter as set out in Article 15. Article 13 - Relief pending final determination 1. Subject to any declaration that it may make under Article 55, a Contracting State shall ensure that a creditor who adduces evidence of default by the debtor may, pending final determination of its claim and to the extent that the debtor has at any time so agreed, obtain from a court speedy relief in the form of such one or more of the following orders as the creditor requests: (a) preservation of the object and its value; (b) possession, control or custody of the object; (c) immobilisation of the object; and (d) lease or, except where covered by sub-paragraphs (a) to (c), management of the object and the income therefrom. 2. In making any order under the preceding paragraph, the court may impose such terms as it considers necessary to protect the interested persons in the event that the creditor: (a) in implementing any order granting such relief, fails to perform any of its obligations to the debtor under this Convention or the Protocol; or (b) fails to establish its claim, wholly or in part, on the final determination of that claim. 3. Before making any order under paragraph 1, the court may require notice of the request to be given to any of the interested persons. 4. Nothing in this Article affects the application of Article 8(3) or limits the availability of forms of interim relief other than those set out in paragraph 1. Article 14 - Procedural requirements Subject to Article 54(2), any remedy provided by this Chapter shall be exercised in conformity with the procedure prescribed by the law of the place where the remedy is to be exercised. Article 15 - Derogation In their relations with each other, any two or more of the parties referred to in this Chapter may at any time, by agreement in writing, derogate from or vary the effect of any of the preceding provisions of this Chapter except Articles 8(3) to (6), 9(3) and (4), 13(2) and 14. Chapter IV The international registration system Article 16 - The International Registry 1. An International Registry shall be established for registrations of: (a) international interests, prospective international interests and registrable non-consensual rights and interests; (b) assignments and prospective assignments of international interests; (c) acquisitions of international interests by legal or contractual subrogations under the applicable law; (d) notices of national interests; and (e) subordinations of interests referred to in any of the preceding sub-paragraphs. 2. Different international registries may be established for different categories of object and associated rights. 3. For the purposes of this Chapter and Chapter V, the term "registration" includes, where appropriate, an amendment, extension or discharge of a registration. Article 17 - The Supervisory Authority and the Registrar 1. There shall be a Supervisory Authority as provided by the Protocol. 2. The Supervisory Authority shall: (a) establish or provide for the establishment of the International Registry; (b) except as otherwise provided by the Protocol, appoint and dismiss the Registrar; (c) ensure that any rights required for the continued effective operation of the International Registry in the event of a change of Registrar will vest in or be assignable to the new Registrar; (d) after consultation with the Contracting States, make or approve and ensure the publication of regulations pursuant to the Protocol dealing with the operation of the International Registry; (e) establish administrative procedures through which complaints concerning the operation of the International Registry can be made to the Supervisory Authority; (f) supervise the Registrar and the operation of the International Registry; (g) at the request of the Registrar, provide such guidance to the Registrar as the Supervisory Authority thinks fit; (h) set and periodically review the structure of fees to be charged for the services and facilities of the International Registry; (i) do all things necessary to ensure that an efficient notice-based electronic registration system exists to implement the objectives of this Convention and the Protocol; and (j) report periodically to Contracting States concerning the discharge of its obligations under this Convention and the Protocol. 3. The Supervisory Authority may enter into any agreement requisite for the performance of its functions, including any agreement referred to in Article 27(3). 4. The Supervisory Authority shall own all proprietary rights in the data bases and archives of the International Registry. 5. The Registrar shall ensure the efficient operation of the International Registry and perform the functions assigned to it by this Convention, the Protocol and the regulations. Chapter V Other matters relating to registration Article 18 Registration requirements 1. The Protocol and regulations shall specify the requirements, including the criteria for the identification of the object: (a) for effecting a registration (which shall include provision for prior electronic transmission of any consent from any person whose consent is required under Article 20); (b) for making searches and issuing search certificates, and, subject thereto; (c) for ensuring the confidentiality of information and documents of the International Registry other than information and documents relating to a registration. 2. The Registrar shall not be under a duty to enquire whether a consent to registration under Article 20 has in fact been given or is valid. 3. Where an interest registered as a prospective international interest becomes an international interest, no further registration shall be required provided that the registration information is sufficient for a registration of an international interest. 4. The Registrar shall arrange for registrations to be entered into the International Registry data base and made searchable in chronological order of receipt, and the file shall record the date and time of receipt. 5. The Protocol may provide that a Contracting State may designate an entity or entities in its territory as the entry point or entry points through which the information required for registration shall or may be transmitted to the International Registry. A Contracting State making such a designation may specify the requirements, if any, to be satisfied before such information is transmitted to the International Registry. Article 19 - Validity and time of registration 1. A registration shall be valid only if made in conformity with Article 20. 2. A registration, if valid, shall be complete upon entry of the required information into the International Registry data base so as to be searchable. 3. A registration shall be searchable for the purposes of the preceding paragraph at the time when: (a) the International Registry has assigned to it a sequentially ordered file number; and (b) the registration information, including the file number, is stored in durable form and may be accessed at the International Registry. 4. If an interest first registered as a prospective international interest becomes an international interest, that international interest shall be treated as registered from the time of registration of the prospective international interest provided that the registration was still current immediately before the international interest was constituted as provided by Article 7. 5. The preceding paragraph applies with necessary modifications to the registration of a prospective assignment of an international interest. 6. A registration shall be searchable in the International Registry data base according to the criteria prescribed by the Protocol. Article 20 - Consent to registration 1. An international interest, a prospective international interest or an assignment or prospective assignment of an international interest may be registered, and any such registration amended or extended prior to its expiry, by either party with the consent in writing of the other. 2. The subordination of an international interest to another international interest may be registered by or with the consent in writing at any time of the person whose interest has been subordinated. 3. A registration may be discharged by or with the consent in writing of the party in whose favourit was made. 4. The acquisition of an international interest by legal or contractual subrogation may be registered by the subrogee. 5. A registrable non-consensual right or interest may be registered by the holder thereof. 6. A notice of a national interest may be registered by the holder thereof. Article 21 - Duration of registration Registration of an international interest remains effective until discharged or until expiry of the period specified in the registration. Article 22 - Searches 1. Any person may, in the manner prescribed by the Protocol and regulations, make or request a search of the International Registry by electronic means concerning interests or prospective international interests registered therein. 2. Upon receipt of a request therefor, the Registrar, in the manner prescribed by the Protocol and regulations, shall issue a registry search certificate by electronic means with respect to any object: (a) stating all registered information relating thereto, together with a statement indicating the date and time of registration of such information; or (b) stating that there is no information in the International Registry relating thereto. 3. A search certificate issued under the preceding paragraph shall indicate that the creditor named in the registration information has acquired or intends to acquire an international interest in the object but shall not indicate whether what is registered is an international interest or a prospective international interest, even if this is ascertainable from the relevant registration information. Article 23 - List of declarations and declared non-consensual rights or interests The Registrar shall maintain a list of declarations, withdrawals of declaration and of the categories of non-consensual right or interest communicated to the Registrar by the Depositary as having been declared by Contracting States in conformity with Articles 39 and 40 and the date of each such declaration or withdrawal of declaration. Such list shall be recorded and searchable in the name of the declaring State and shall be made available as provided in the Protocol and regulations to any person requesting it. Article 24 - Evidentiary value of certificates A document in the form prescribed by the regulations which purports to be a certificate issued by the International Registry is prima facie proof: (a) that it has been so issued; and (b) of the facts recited in it, including the date and time of a registration. Article 25 - Discharge of registration 1. Where the obligations secured by a registered security interest or the obligations giving rise to a registered non-consensual right or interest have been discharged, or where the conditions of transfer of title under a registered title reservation agreement have been fulfilled, the holder of such interest shall, without undue delay, procure the discharge of the registration after written demand by the debtor delivered to or received at its address stated in the registration. 2. Where a prospective international interest or a prospective assignment of an international interest has been registered, the intending creditor or intending assignee shall, without undue delay, procure the discharge of the registration after written demand by the intending debtor or assignor which is delivered to or received at its address stated in the registration before the intending creditor or assignee has given value or incurred a commitment to give value. 3. Where the obligations secured by a national interest specified in a registered notice of a national interest have been discharged, the holder of such interest shall, without undue delay, procure the discharge of the registration after written demand by the debtor delivered to or received at its address stated in the registration. 4. Where a registration ought not to have been made or is incorrect, the person in whose favour the registration was made shall, without undue delay, procure its discharge or amendment after written demand by the debtor delivered to or received at its address stated in the registration. Article 26 - Access to the international registration facilities No person shall be denied access to the registration and search facilities of the International Registry on any ground other than its failure to comply with the procedures prescribed by this Chapter. Chapter VI Privileges and immunities of the Supervisory Authority and the Registrar Article 27 - Legal personality; immunity 1. The Supervisory Authority shall have international legal personality where not already possessing such personality. 2. The Supervisory Authority and its officers and employees shall enjoy such immunity from legal or administrative process as is specified in the Protocol. 3. (a) The Supervisory Authority shall enjoy exemption from taxes and such other privileges as may be provided by agreement with the host State. (b) For the purposes of this paragraph, "host State" means the State in which the Supervisory Authority is situated. 4. The assets, documents, data bases and archives of the International Registry shall be inviolable and immune from seizure or other legal or administrative process. 5. For the purposes of any claim against the Registrar under Article 28(1) or Article 44, the claimant shall be entitled to access to such information and documents as are necessary to enable the claimant to pursue its claim. 6. The Supervisory Authority may waive the inviolability and immunity conferred by paragraph 4. Chapter VII Liability of the Registrar Article 28 Liability and financial assurances 1. The Registrar shall be liable for compensatory damages for loss suffered by a person directly resulting from an error or omission of the Registrar and its officers and employees or from a malfunction of the international registration system except where the malfunction is caused by an event of an inevitable and irresistible nature, which could not be prevented by using the best practices in current use in the field of electronic registry design and operation, including those related to back-up and systems security and networking. 2. The Registrar shall not be liable under the preceding paragraph for factual inaccuracy of registration information received by the Registrar or transmitted by the Registrar in the form in which it received that information nor for acts or circumstances for which the Registrar and its officers and employees are not responsible and arising prior to receipt of registration information at the International Registry. 3. Compensation under paragraph 1 may be reduced to the extent that the person who suffered the damage caused or contributed to that damage. 4. The Registrar shall procure insurance or a financial guarantee covering the liability referred to in this Article to the extent determined by the Supervisory Authority, in accordance with the Protocol. Chapter VIII Effects of an international interest as against third parties Article 29 - Priority of competing interests 1. A registered interest has priority over any other interest subsequently registered and over an unregistered interest. 2. The priority of the first-mentioned interest under the preceding paragraph applies: (a) even if the first-mentioned interest was acquired or registered with actual knowledge of the other interest; and (b) even as regards value given by the holder of the first-mentioned interest with such knowledge. 3. The buyer of an object acquires its interest in it: (a) subject to an interest registered at the time of its acquisition of that interest; and (b) free from an unregistered interest even if it has actual knowledge of such an interest. 4. The conditional buyer or lessee acquires its interest in or right over that object: (a) subject to an interest registered prior to the registration of the international interest held by its conditional seller or lessor; and (b) free from an interest not so registered at that time even if it has actual knowledge of that interest. 5. The priority of competing interests or rights under this Article may be varied by agreement between the holders of those interests, but an assignee of a subordinated interest is not bound by an agreement to subordinate that interest unless at the time of the assignment a subordination had been registered relating to that agreement. 6. Any priority given by this Article to an interest in an object extends to proceeds. 7. This Convention: (a) does not affect the rights of a person in an item, other than an object, held prior to its installation on an object if under the applicable law those rights continue to exist after the installation; and (b) does not prevent the creation of rights in an item, other than an object, which has previously been installed on an object where under the applicable law those rights are created. Article 30 - Effects of insolvency 1. In insolvency proceedings against the debtor an international interest is effective if prior to the commencement of the insolvency proceedings that interest was registered in conformity with this Convention. 2. Nothing in this Article impairs the effectiveness of an international interest in the insolvency proceedings where that interest is effective under the applicable law. 3. Nothing in this Article affects: (a) any rules of law applicable in insolvency proceedings relating to the avoidance of a transaction as a preference or a transfer in fraud of creditors; or (b) any rules of procedure relating to the enforcement of rights to property which is under the control or supervision of the insolvency administrator. Chapter IX Assignments of associated rights and international interests; rights of subrogation Article 31 - Effects of assignment 1. Except as otherwise agreed by the parties, an assignment of associated rights made in conformity with Article 32 also transfers to the assignee: (a) the related international interest; and (b) all the interests and priorities of the assignor under this Convention. 2. Nothing in this Convention prevents a partial assignment of the assignors associated rights, In the case of such a partial assignment the assignor and assignee may agree as to their respective rights concerning the related international interest assigned under the preceding paragraph but not so as adversely to affect the debtor without its consent. 3. Subject to paragraph 4, the applicable law shall determine the defences and rights of set-off available to the debtor against the assignee. 4. The debtor may at any time by agreement in writing waive all or any of the defences and rights of set-off referred to in the preceding paragraph other than defences arising from fraudulent acts on the part of the assignee. 5. In the case of an assignment by way of security, the assigned associated rights revest in the assignor, to the extent that they are still subsisting, when the obligations secured by the assignment have been discharged. Article 32 - Formal requirements of assignment 1. An assignment of associated rights transfers the related international interest only if it: (a) is in writing; (b) enables the associated rights to be identified under the contract from which they arise; and (c) in the case of an assignment by way of security, enables the obligations secured by the assignment to be determined in accordance with the Protocol but without the need to state a sum or maximum sum secured. 2. An assignment of an international interest created or provided for by a security agreement is not valid unless some or all related associated rights also are assigned. 3. This Convention does not apply to an assignment of associated rights which is not effective to transfer the related international interest. Article 33 - Debtor's duty to assignee 1. To the extent that associated rights and the related international interest have been transferred in accordance with Articles 31 and 32, the debtor in relation to those rights and that interest is bound by the assignment and has a duty to make payment or give other performance to the assignee, if but only if: (a) the debtor has been given notice of the assignment in writing by or with the authority of the assignor; and (b) the notice identifies the associated rights. 2. Irrespective of any other ground on which payment or performance by the debtor discharges the latter from liability, payment or performance shall be effective for this purpose if made in accordance with the preceding paragraph. 3. Nothing in this Article shall affect the priority of competing assignments. Article 34 - Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security In the event of default by the assignor under the assignment of associated rights and the related international interest made by way of security, Articles 8, 9 and 11 to 14 apply in the relations between the assignor and the assignee (and, in relation to associated rights, apply in so far as those provisions are capable of application to intangible property) as if references: (a) to the secured obligation and the security interest were references to the obligation secured by the assignment of the associated rights and the related international interest and the security interest created by that assignment; (b) to the chargee or creditor and chargor or debtor were references to the assignee and assignor; (c) to the holder of the international interest were references to the assignee; and (d) to the object were references to the assigned associated rights and the related international interest. Article 35 - Priority of competing assignments 1. Where there are competing assignments of associated rights and at least one of the assignment sincludes the related international interest and is registered, the provisions of Article 29 apply as if the references to a registered interest were references to an assignment of the associated rights and the related registered interest and as if references to a registered or unregistered interest were references to a registered or unregistered assignment. 2. Article 30 applies to an assignment of associated rights as if the references to an international interest were references to an assignment of the associated rights and the related international interest. Article 36 - Assignee's priority with respect to associated rights 1. The assignee of associated rights and the related international interest whose assignment has been registered only has priority under Article 35(1) over another assignee of the associated rights: (a) if the contract under which the associated rights arise states that they are secured by or associated with the object; and (b) to the extent that the associated rights are related to an object. 2. For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b) of the preceding paragraph, associated rights are related to an object only to the extent that they consist of rights to payment or performance that relate to: (a) a sum advanced and utilised for the purchase of the object; (b) a sum advanced and utilised for the purchase of another object in which the assignor held another international interest if the assignor transferred that interest to the assignee and the assignment has been registered; (c) the price payable for the object; (d) the rentals payable in respect of the object; or (e) other obligations arising from a transaction referred to in any of the preceding sub-paragraphs. 3. In all other cases, the priority of the competing assignments of the associated rights shall be determined by the applicable law. Article 37 - Effects of assignors insolvency The provisions of Article 30 apply to insolvency proceedings against the assignor as if references to the debtor were references to the assignor. Article 38 - Subrogation 1. Subject to paragraph 2, nothing in this Convention affects the acquisition of associated rights and the related international interest by legal or contractual subrogation under the applicable law. 2. The priority between any interest within the preceding paragraph and a competing interest may be varied by agreement in writing between the holders of the respective interests but an assignee of a subordinated interest is not bound by an agreement to subordinate that interest unless at the time of the assignment a subordination had been registered relating to that agreement. Chapter X Rights or interests subject to declarations by Contracting States Article 39 - Rights having priority without registration 1. A Contracting State may at any time, in a declaration deposited with the Depositary of the Protocol declare, generally or specifically: (a) those categories of non-consensual right or interest (other than a right or interest to which Article 40 applies) which under that States law have priority over an interest in an object equivalent to that of the holder of a registered international interest and which shall have priority over a registered international interest, whether in or outside insolvency proceedings; and (b) that nothing in this Convention shall affect the right of a State or State entity, intergovernmental organisation or other private provider of public services to arrest or detain an object under the laws of that State for payment of amounts owed to such entity, organisation or provider directly relating to those services in respect of that object or another object. 2. A declaration made under the preceding paragraph may be expressed to cover categories that are created after the deposit of that declaration. 3. A non-consensual right or interest has priority over an international interest if and only if the former is of a category covered by a declaration deposited prior to the registration of the international interest. 4. Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, a Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare that a right or interest of a category covered by a declaration made under sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph 1 shall have priority over an international interest registered prior to the date of such ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. Article 40 - Registrable non-consensual rights or interests A Contracting State may at any time in a declaration deposited with the Depositary of the Protocol list the categories of non-consensual right or interest which shall be registrable under this Convention as regards any category of object as if the right or interest were an international interest and shall be regulated accordingly. Such a declaration may be modified from time to time. Chapter XI Application of the Convention to sales Article 41 - Sale and prospective sale This Convention shall apply to the sale or prospective sale of an object as provided for in the Protocol with any modifications therein. Chapter XII Jurisdiction Article 42 Choice of forum 1. Subject to Articles 43 and 44, the courts of a Contracting State chosen by the parties to a transaction have jurisdiction in respect of any claim brought under this Convention, whether or not the chosen forum has a connection with the parties or the transaction. Such jurisdiction shall be exclusive unless otherwise agreed between the parties. 2. Any such agreement shall be in writing or otherwise concluded in accordance with the formal/requirements of the law of the chosen forum. Article 43 - Jurisdiction under Article 13 1. The courts of a Contracting State chosen by the parties and the courts of the Contracting State on the territory of which the object is situated have jurisdiction to grant relief under Article 13(1)(a), (b), (c) and Article 13(4) in respect of that object. 2. Jurisdiction to grant relief under Article 13(1)(d) or other interim relief by virtue of Article 13(4) may be exercised either: (a) by the courts chosen by the parties; or (b) by the courts of a Contracting State on the territory of which the debtor is situated, being relief which, by the terms of the order granting it, is enforceable only in the territory of that Contracting State. 3. A court has jurisdiction under the preceding paragraphs even if the final determination of the claim referred to in Article 13(1) will or may take place in a court of another Contracting State or by arbitration. Article 44 - Jurisdiction to make orders against the Registrar 1. The courts of the place in which the Registrar has its centre of administration shall have exclusive jurisdiction to award damages or make orders against the Registrar. 2. Where a person fails to respond to a demand made under Article 25 and that person has ceased to exist or cannot be found for the purpose of enabling an order to be made against it requiring it to procure discharge of the registration, the courts referred to in the preceding paragraph shall have exclusive jurisdiction, on the application of the debtor or intending debtor, to make an order directed to the Registrar requiring the Registrar to discharge the registration. 3. Where a person fails to comply with an order of a court having jurisdiction under this Convention or, in the case of a national interest, an order of a court of competent jurisdiction requiring that person to procure the amendment or discharge of a registration, the courts referred to in paragraph 1 may direct the Registrar to take such steps as will give effect to that order. 4. Except as otherwise provided by the preceding paragraphs, no court may make orders or give judgments or rulings against or purporting to bind the Registrar. Article 45 - Jurisdiction in respect of insolvency proceedings The provisions of this Chapter are not applicable to insolvency proceedings. Chapter XIII Relationship with other Conventions Article 45 bis - Relationship with the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade This Convention shall prevail over the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade, opened for signature in New York on 12 December 2001, as it relates to the assignment of receivables which are associated rights related to international interests in aircraft objects, railway rolling stock and space assets. Article 46 - Relationship with the UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing The Protocol may determine the relationship between this Convention and the UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing, signed at Ottawa on 28 May 1988. Chapter XIV Final provisions Article 47 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession 1. This Convention shall be open for signature in Cape Town on 16 November 2001 by States participating in the Diplomatic Conference to Adopt a Mobile Equipment Convention and an Aircraft Protocol held at Cape Town from 29 October to 16 November 2001 After 16 November 2001, the Convention shall be open to all States for signature at the Headquarters of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) in Rome until it enters into force in accordance with Article 49. 2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States which have signed it. 3. Any State which does not sign this Convention may accede to it at any time. 4. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession is effected by the deposit of a formal instrument to that effect with the Depositary. Article 48 - Regional Economic Integration Organisations 1. A Regional Economic Integration Organisation which is constituted by sovereign States and has competence over certain matters governed by this Convention may similarly sign, accept, approve or accede to this Convention. The Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall in that case have the rights and obligations of a Contracting State, to the extent that that Organisation has competence over matters governed by this Convention. Where the number of Contracting States is relevant in this Convention, the Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall not count as a Contracting State in addition to its Member States which are Contracting States. 2. The Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall, at the time of signature, acceptance, approval or accession, make a declaration to the Depositary specifying the matters governed by this Convention in respect of which competence has been transferred to that Organisation by its Member States. The Regional Economic Integration Organisation shall promptly notify the Depositary of any changes to the distribution of competence, including new transfers of competence, specified in the declaration under this paragraph. 3. Any reference to a "Contracting State" or "Contracting States" or "State Party" or "States Parties" in this Convention applies equally to a Regional Economic Integration Organisation where the context so requires. Article 49 - Entry into force 1. This Convention enters into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the date of the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession but only as regards a category of objects to which a Protocol applies: (a) as from the time of entry into force of that Protocol; (b) subject to the terms of that Protocol; and (c) as between States Parties to this Convention and that Protocol. 2. For other States this Convention enters into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of three months after the date of the deposit of their instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession but only as regards a category of objects to which a Protocol applies and subject, in relation to such Protocol, to the requirements of sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of the preceding paragraph. Article 50 - Internal transactions 1. A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare that this Convention shall not apply to a transaction which is an internal transaction in relation to that State with regard to all types of objects or some of them. 2. Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, the provisions of Articles 8(4), 9(1), 16, Chapter V, Article 29, and any provisions of this Convention relating to registered interests shall apply to an internal transaction. 3. Where notice of a national interest has been registered in the International Registry, the priority of the holder of that interest under Article 29 shall not be affected by the fact that such interest has become vested in another person by assignment or subrogation under the applicable law. Article 51 - Future Protocols 1. The Depositary may create working groups, in co-operation with such relevant non-governmental organisations as the Depositary considers appropriate, to assess the feasibility of extending the application of this Convention, through one or more Protocols, to objects of any category of high-value mobile equipment, other than a category referred to in Article 2(3), each member of which is uniquely identifiable, and associated rights relating to such objects. 2. The Depositary shall communicate the text of any preliminary draft Protocol relating to a category of objects prepared by such a working group to all States Parties to this Convention, all member States of the Depositary, member States of the United Nations which are not members of the Depositary and the relevant intergovernmental organisations, and shall invite such States and organisations to participate in intergovernmental negotiations for the completion of a draft Protocol on the basis of such a preliminary draft Protocol. 3. The Depositary shall also communicate the text of any preliminary draft Protocol prepared by such a working group to such relevant non-governmental organisations as the Depositary considers appropriate. Such non-governmental organisations shall be invited promptly to submit comments on the text of the preliminary draft Protocol to the Depositary and to participate as observers in the preparation of a draft Protocol. 4. When the competent bodies of the Depositary adjudge such a draft Protocol ripe for adoption, the Depositary shall convene a diplomatic conference for its adoption. 5. Once such a Protocol has been adopted, subject to paragraph 6, this Convention shall apply to the category of objects covered thereby. 6. Article 45 bis of this Convention applies to such a Protocol only if specifically provided for in that Protocol. Article 52 - Territorial units 1. If a Contracting State has territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relation to the matters dealt with in this Convention, it may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, declare that this Convention is to extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them and may modify its declaration by submitting another declaration at any time. 2. Any such declaration shall state expressly the territorial units to which this Convention applies. 3. If a Contracting State has not made any declaration under paragraph 1, this Convention shall apply to all territorial units of that State. 4. Where a Contracting State extends this Convention to one or more of its territorial units, declarations permitted under this Convention may be made in respect of each such territorial unit, and the declarations made in respect of one territorial unit may be different from those made in respect of another territorial unit. 5. If by virtue of a declaration under paragraph 1, this Convention extends to one or more territorial units of a Contracting State: (a) the debtor is considered to be situated in a Contracting State only if it is incorporated or formed under a law in force in a territorial unit to which this Convention applies or if it has its registered office or statutory seat, centre of administration, place of business or habitual residence in a territorial unit to which this Convention applies; (b) any reference to the location of the object in a Contracting State refers to the location of the object in a territorial unit to which this Convention applies; and (c) any reference to the administrative authorities in that Contracting State shall be construed as referring to the administrative authorities having jurisdiction in a territorial unit to which this Convention applies. Article 53 Determination of courts A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare the relevant "court" or "courts" for the purposes of Article 1 and Chapter XII of this Convention. Article 54 - Declarations regarding remedies 1. A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare that while the charged object is situated within, or controlled from its territory the chargee shall not grant a lease of the object in that territory. 2. A Contracting State shall, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare whether or not any remedy available to the creditor under any provision of this Convention which is not there expressed to require application to the court may be exercised only with leave of the court. Article 55 - Declarations regarding relief pending final determination A Contracting State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or accession to the Protocol, declare that it will not apply the provisions of Article 13 or Article 43, or both, wholly or in part. The declaration shall specify under which conditions the relevant Article will be applied, in case it will be applied partly, or otherwise which other forms of interim relief will be applied. Article 56 - Reservations and declarations 1. No reservations may be made to this Convention but declarations authorised by Articles 39, 40, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58 and 60 may be made in accordance with these provisions. 2. Any declaration or subsequent declaration or any withdrawal of a declaration made under this Convention shall be notified in writing to the Depositary. Article 57 - Subsequent declarations 1. A State Party may make a subsequent declaration, other than a declaration authorised under Article 60, at any time after the date on which this Convention has entered into force for it, by notifying the Depositary to that effect. 2. Any such subsequent declaration shall take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Depositary. Where a longer period for that declaration to take effect is specified in the notification, it shall take effect upon the expiration of such longer period after receipt of the notification by the Depositary. 3. Notwithstanding the previous paragraphs, this Convention shall continue to apply, as if no such subsequent declarations had been made, in respect of all rights and interests arising prior to the effective date of any such subsequent declaration. Article 58 - Withdrawal of declarations 1. Any State Party having made a declaration under this Convention, other than a declaration authorised under Article 60, may withdraw it at any time by notifying the Depositary. Such withdrawal is to take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Depositary. 2. Notwithstanding the previous paragraph, this Convention shall continue to apply, as if no such withdrawal of declaration had been made, in respect of all rights and interests arising prior to the effective date of any such withdrawal. Article 59 - Denunciations 1. Any State Party may denounce this Convention by notification in writing to the Depositary. 2. Any such denunciation shall take effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of twelve months after the date on which notification is received by the Depositary. 3. Notwithstanding the previous paragraphs, this Convention shall continue to apply, as if no such denunciation had been made, in respect of all rights and interests arising prior to the effective date of any such denunciation. Article 60 - Transitional provisions 1. Unless otherwise declared by a Contracting State at any time, the Convention does not apply to a pre-existing right or interest, which retains the priority it enjoyed under the applicable law before the effective date of this Convention. 2. For the purposes of Article 1(v) and of determining priority under this Convention: (a) effective date of this Convention means in relation to a debtor the time when this Convention enters into force or the time when the State in which the debtor is situated becomes a Contracting State, whichever is the later; and (b) the debtor is situated in a State where it has its centre of administration or, if it has no centre of administration, its place of business or, if it has more than one place of business, its principal place of business or, if it has no place of business, its habitual residence. 3. A Contracting State may in its declaration under paragraph 1 specify a date, not earlier than three years after the date on which the declaration becomes effective, when this Convention and the Protocol will become applicable, for the purpose of determining priority, including the protection of any existing priority, to pre-existing rights or interests arising under an agreement made at a time when the debtor was situated in a State referred to in sub-paragraph (b) of the preceding paragraph but only to the extent and in the manner specified in its declaration. Article 61 - Review Conferences, amendments and related matters 1. The Depositary shall prepare reports yearly or at such other time as the circumstances may require for the States Parties as to the manner in which the international regimen established in this Convention has operated in practice. In preparing such reports, the Depositary shall take into account the reports of the Supervisory Authority concerning the functioning of the international registration system. 2. At the request of not less than twenty-five per cent of the States Parties, Review Conferences of States Parties shall be convened from time to time by the Depositary, in consultation with the Supervisory Authority, to consider: (a) the practical operation of this Convention and its effectiveness in facilitating the asset-based financing and leasing of the objects covered by its terms; (b) the judicial interpretation given to, and the application made of the terms of this Convention and the regulations; (c) the functioning of the international registration system, the performance of the Registrar and its oversight by the Supervisory Authority, taking into account the reports of the Supervisory Authority; and (d) whether any modifications to this Convention or the arrangements relating to the International Registry are desirable. 3. Subject to paragraph 4, any amendment to this Convention shall be approved by at least a two-thirds majority of States Parties participating in the Conference referred to in the preceding paragraph and shall then enter into force in respect of States which have ratified, accepted or approved such amendment when ratified, accepted, or approved by three States in accordance with the provisions of Article 49 relating to its entry into force. 4. Where the proposed amendment to this Convention is intended to apply to more than one category of equipment, such amendment shall also be approved by at least a two-thirds majority of States Parties to each Protocol that are participating in the Conference referred to in paragraph 2. Article 62 - Depositary and its functions 1. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), which is hereby designated the Depositary. 2. The Depositary shall: (a) inform all Contracting States of: (i) each new signature or deposit of an instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, together with the date thereof; (ii) the date of entry into force of this Convention; (iii)each declaration made in accordance with this Convention, together with the date thereof; (iv) the withdrawal or amendment of any declaration, together with the date thereof; and (v) the notification of any denunciation of this Convention together with the date thereof and the date on which it takes effect; (b) transmit certified true copies of this Convention to all Contracting States; (c) provide the Supervisory Authority and the Registrar with a copy of each instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, together with the date of deposit thereof, of each declaration or withdrawal or amendment of a declaration and of each notification of denunciation, together with the date of notification thereof, so that the information contained therein is easily and fully available; and (d) perform such other functions customary for depositaries. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, having been duly authorised, have signed this Convention. DONE at Cape Town, this sixteenth day of November, two thousand and one, in a single original in the English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish languages, all texts being equally authentic, such authenticity to take effect upon verification by the Joint Secretariat of the Conference under the authority of the President of the Conference within ninety days hereof as to the conformity of the texts with one another. KONVENSI TENTANG KEPENTINGAN INTERNASIONAL DALAM PERALATAN BERGERAK NEGARA PIHAK PADA KONVENSI INI, MENYADARI adanya kebutuhan untuk memperoleh dan menggunakan peralatan bergerak yang bernilai tinggi atau memiliki nilai ekonomi yang sangat berarti serta untuk memfasilitasi pendanaan atas penguasaan dan penggunaah peralatan semacam itu secara efisien, MENGAKUI manfaat dari asset-based financing dan sewa guna usaha untuk tujuan ini serta keinginan untuk memfasilitasi jenis transaksi tersebut dengan cara membuat aturan yang jelas untuk mengatur kedua fasilitas transaksi dimaksud, MEMPERHATIKAN perlunya untuk memastikan bahwa kepentingan atas peralatan semacam itu diakui dan dilindungi secara universal, BERKEINGINAN untuk sebesar-besarnya memberikan manfaat ekonomi secara timbal balik bagi para pihak yang berkepentingan, MEYAKINI bahwa pengaturan semacam itu harus mencerminkan prinsip- prinsip yang mendasari asset-based financing dan sewa guna usaha serta meningkatkan kebebasan berkontrak para pihak, terutama dalam transaksi ini, MENYADARI kebutuhan untuk membuat perangkat hukum bagi kepentingan internasional dalam peralatan bergerak semacam itu dan untuk tujuan tersebut menciptakan suatu sistem pendaftaran internasional guna perlindungan peralatan bergerak dimaksud, MEMPERHATIKAN tujuan-tujuan dan prinsip-prinsip yang dinyatakan dalam konvensi yang telah ada berkaitan dengan peralatan bergerak semacam itu, MENYETUJUI ketentuan-ketentuan berikut ini:

(1) dari Konvensi berlaku dengan menambahkan ketentuan berikut ini langsung setelah sub-ayat (d) : "(e) apabila pada suatu saat debitur dan kreditur secara khusus menyepakati, penjualan dan penggunaan dari hasil penjualan tersebut" dan Pasal 43 (2) berlaku dengan disisipkannya kata-kata "dan (e)" setelah kata-kata "Pasal 13 (1) (d)". 4. Kepemilikan atau kepentingan lain apapun dari debitur yang berpindah karena suatu penjualan menurut ayat tersebut di atas dari kepentingan lain apapun, di atas kepentingan mana kepentingan internasional kreditur mempunyai prioritas menurut ketentuan-ketentuan Pasal 29 dari Konvensi. 5. Kreditur dan debitur atau orang yang berkepentingan mana pun dapat menyetujui secara tertulis untuk mengecualikan penerapan Pasal 13 (2) dari Konvensi. 6. Berkenaan dengan upaya-upaya pemulihan di dalam Pasal IX(1): (a) Cara-cara pemulihan itu harus disediakan oleh otoritas pendaftaran dan lembaga-lembaga administrasi lain, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, di Negara Peserta selambat-lambatnya lima hari kerja setelah kreditur memberitahukan lembaga-lembaga itu bahwa pemulihan yang ditentukan di dalam Pasal IX (1) diberikan atau, dalam hal pemulihan yang diberikan oleh suatu pengadilan asing, yang diakui oleh pengadilan Negara Peserta itu, dan bahwa kreditur berhak untuk mendapatkan cara-cara pemulihan itu menurut Konvensi; dan (b) Instansi-instansi yang berwenang harus secepatnya bekerja sama dan membantu kreditur dalam menjalankan pemulihan itu sesuai dengan peraturan perundang- undangan mengenai keselamatan penerbangan yang berlaku. 7.Ayat 2 dan 6 tidak berakibat terhadap penerapan hukum dan perundang-undangan mengenai keselamatan penerbangan yang berlaku. Pasal XI - Pemulihan Terhadap Insolvensi 1. Pasal ini berlaku hanya apabila sebuah Negara Peserta yang merupakan yurisdiksi insolvensi utama telah membuat suatu pernyataan menurut Pasal XXX (3). Alternatif A 2. Pada saat terjadinya kejadian yang berkaitan dengan insolvensi, pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, wajib, sesuai dengan ayat 7, menyerahkan penguasaan atas objek pesawat udara kepada kreditur paling lambat sebelum : (a) akhir dari masa tunggu; dan (b) tanggal dimana kreditur akan berhak untuk mengusai objek pesawat udara itu apabila Pasal ini tidak berlaku. 3. Yang dimaksud "masa tunggu" dalam Pasal ini, adalah masa yang ditetapkan oleh Negara Peserta yang dinyatakan dalam deklarasi di mana Negara Peserta tersebut merupakan yurisdiksi insolvensi utama. 4. Acuan di dalam Pasal ini bagi "pengurus insolvensi" adalah seseorang dalam kedudukan resminya, bukan dalam kedudukannya sebagai pribadi. 5. Kecuali apabila dan sampai kreditur diberikan kesempatan untuk menguasai menurut ayat 2: (a) pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, harus memelihara objek pesawat udara tersebut dan mempertahankan objek itu dan nilainya sesuai dengan perjanjian; dan (b) kreditur berhak untuk mengajukan permohonan untuk mendapatkan bentuk-bentuk lain pemulihan sementara yang tersedia menurut hukum yang berlaku. 6. Sub-ayat (a) dan ayat tersebut diatas tidak dapat menghalangi penggunaan objek pesawat udara yang sedang dalam proses pengurusan untuk memelihara objek pesawat udara dan mempertahankan objek tersebut beserta nilainya. 7. Pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, dapat tetap menguasai objek pesawat udara apabila, sesuai waktu yang ditentukan di dalam ayat 2, setelah pengurus insolvensi atau debitur menyelesaikan seluruh wanprestasi, selain suatu wanprestasi yang timbul akibat dibukanya acara insolvensi dan telah disetujui untuk melaksanakan seluruh kewajiban di masa datang menurut perjanjian. Masa tunggu kedua tidak berlaku berkenaan dengan suatu wanprestasi dalam pelaksanaan kewajiban-kewajiban dimasa yang akan datang. 8. Berkenaan dengan upaya-upaya pemulihan dalam Pasal IX (1) : (a) Cara-cara pemulihan itu harus disediakan oleh otoritas pendaftaran dan lembaga-lembaga administratif di suatu Negara Peserta, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, selambat- lambatnya lima hari kerja setelah tanggal dimana kreditur memberitahukan otoritas-otoritas tersebut bahwa ia berhak untuk mendapatkan cara-cara pemulihan sesuai dengan Konvensi; dan (b) Otoritas-otoritas yang berhak harus secepatnya bekerjasama dan membantu kreditur dalam menjalankan upaya-upaya pemulihan itu sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan keselamatan penerbangan yang berlaku. 9. Tidak ada pelaksanaan pemulihan yang dijinkan oleh Konvensi atau Protokol ini dapat dicegah atau ditunda setelah tanggal yang ditentukan di dalam ayat 2. 10. Tidak ada kewajiban debitur menurut perjanjian yang dapat diubah tanpa persetujuan kreditur. 11. Tidak satupun di dalam ayat terdahulu yang dapat ditafsirkan mempengaruhi wewenang pengurus insolvensi, jika ada, menurut hukum yang berlaku untuk mengakhiri perjanjian. 12. Tidak ada hak atau kepentingan yang mempunyai prioritas dalam acara insolvensi diatas kepentingan-kepentingan terdaftar, kecuali hak-hak atau kepentingan-kepentingan non-konsensual dari suatu kategori yang tercakup oleh suatu pernyataan menurut Pasal 39 (1). 13. Konvensi sebagaimana diubah menurut ketentuan Pasal IX dari Protokol ini berlaku pada pelaksanaan pemulihan menurut Pasal ini. Alternatif B 2. Saat terjadinya suatu kejadian yang berhubungan dengan insolvensi, pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, atas permintaan kreditur, harus memberikan pemberitahuan kepada kreditur dalam waktu yang ditentukan di dalam suatu pernyataan suatu Negara Peserta menurut Pasal XXX (3) apakah ia akan : (a) memperbaiki seluruh wanprestasi yang bukan wanprestasi yang terjadi karena pembukaan proses insolvensi dan sepakat untuk melaksanakan seluruh kewajiban di masa yang akan datang menurut perjanjian dan dokumen-dokumen transaksi yang berkaitan; atau (b) memberikan kepada kreditur kesempatan untuk mengambil penguasaan atas objek pesawat udara; sesuai dengan hukum yang berlaku. 3. Hukum yang berlaku tersebut di dalam sub-ayat (b) dari ayat diatas dapat mengijinkan pengadilan untuk mensyaratkan pengambilan langkah tambahan apapun atau pemberian suatu jaminan tambahan. 4. Kreditur harus memberikan bukti atas klaimnya dan bukti bahwa kepentingan internasionalnya telah terdaftar. 5. Apabila pengurus insolvensi atau debitur, sebagaimana dapat diterapkan, tidak memberitahukan sesuai dengan ayat 2, atau manakala pengurus insolvensi atau debitur telah menyatakan bahwa ia akan memberikan kepada kreditur kesempatan untuk mengambil penguasaan atas objek pesawat udara tetapi tidak melakukannya, pengadilan dapat mengijinkan kreditur mengambil penguasaan atas objek pesawat udara itu berdasarkan syarat-syarat yang mungkin ditetapkan oleh pengadilan dan dapat mensyaratkan pengambilan langkah tambahan apapun atau pemberian suatu jaminan tambahan. 6. Objek pesawat udara itu tidak dapat dijual ketika menunggu suatu keputusan pengadilan mengenai klaim dan kepentingan internasional tersebut. Pasal XII - Bantuan Insolvensi 1. Pasal ini berlaku hanya apabila Negara Peserta telah membuat suatu pernyataan menurut Pasal XXX (1). 2. Pengadilan-pengadilan di suatu Negara Peserta di mana suatu objek pesawat udara berada, menurut hukum Negara Peserta, harus bekerjasama semaksimal mungkin dengan pengadilan- pengadilan asing dan para pengurus insolvensi asing dalam melaksanakan ketentuan-ketentuan Pasal XI. Pasal XIII - Kuasa Untuk Memohon Penghapusan Pendaftaran Dana Ekspor 1. Pasal ini berlaku hanya apabila Negara peserta telah membuat suatu pernyataan menurut Pasal XXX (1). 2. Apabila debitur telah memberikan kuasa yang tidak dapat dicabut kembali untuk memohon penghapusan pendaftaran dan ekspor yang pada pokoknya dalam bentuk terlampir pada protokol ini dan telah menyerahkan kuasa itu untuk dicatat pada otoritas pendaftaran, maka kuasa itu harus dicatat. 3. Orang yang kepada siapa kuasa telah diberikan ("pihak yang diberi kuasa") atau orang yang ditunjuknya secara sah adalah satu-satunya orang yang berhak untuk menjalankan pemulihan yang ditentukan didalam pasal IX (1) dan dapat melakukannya hanya menurut kuasa dan peraturan perundang-undangan keselamatan penerbangan yang berlaku. Kuasa itu tidak dapat dicabut kembali oleh debitur tanpa ijin tertulis dari pihak yang diberi kuasa, otoritas pendaftaran harus menghapus kuasa dari daftar atas permohonan pihak yang diberi kuasa. 4. Otoritas Pendaftaran dan lembaga-lembaga administratif lain di negara-negara Peserta harus secepatnya bekerjasama dan membantu pihak yang diberi kuasa dalam menjalankan pemulihan yang ditentukan di dalam Pasal IX. Pasal XIV - Perubahan Ketentuan-Ketentuan Mengenai Prioritas 1. Seorang pembeli suatu objek pesawat udara berdasarkan penjualan terdaftar memperoleh kepentingannya dalam objek itu bebas dari suatu kepentingan yang didaftarkan kemudian dan dari kepentingan yang tidak terdaftar, sekalipun pembeli benar-benar mengetahui kepentingan yang tidak terdaftar itu. 2. Seorang pembeli suatu objek pesawat udara memperoleh kepentingannya di dalam objek itu sesuai dengan kepentingan yang terdaftar pada saat perolehannya. 3. Kepemilikan dari atau hak-hak lain atau kepentingan atas suatu mesin pesawat udara tidak dapat dipengaruhi oleh pemasangannya pada atau pelepasannya dan suatu pesawat udara. 4. Pasal 29 (7) dari Konvensi berlaku pada suatu jenis barang, yang bukan suatu objek, yang dipasang pada suatu rangka pesawat udara, mesin pesawat udara atau helikopter. Pasal XV - Perubahan Ketentuan-Ketentuan Mengenai Pengalihan Pasal 33 (1) dari Konvensi berlaku seolah-olah berikut ini ditambahkan langsung setelah sub-ayat (b) : "dan (c) debitur telah menyetujui secara tertulis, apakah persetujuan itu diberikan sebelum penyerahan atau tidak atau apakah persetujuan itu menentukan penerima pengalihan atau tidak. Pasal XVI - Ketentuan-Ketentuan Mengenai Debitur 1. Dalam hal tidak terjadi wanprestasi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 11 dari Konvensi debitur berhak menguasai dengan aman dan menggunakan objek sesuai dengan perjanjian terhadap : (a) krediturnya dan pemegang kepentingan yang diperoleh dengan bebas oleh debitur menurut Pasal 29 (4) dari Konvensi atau, dalam kapasitas sebagai pembeli, Pasal XIV (1) Protokol ini, kecuali apabila dan sepanjang debitur telah menyetujui lain; dan (b) pemegang setiap kepentingan, pada kepentingan mana hak atau kepentingan debitur tergantung menurut Pasal 29 (4) dari Konvensi atau, dalam kapasitas sebagai pembeli Pasal XIV (2) dari Protokol ini, tetapi hanya sebatas jika ada, bahwa pemegang itu telah setuju. 2. Tidak satupun di dalam Konvensi atau Protokol ini yang mempengaruhi tanggung jawab seorang kreditur atas pelanggaran terhadap perjanjian menurut hukum yang berlaku sepanjang perjanjian itu berkaitan dengan suatu objek pesawat udara.

Daftar pernyataan dan hak non-konsensual atau kepentingan non-konsensual yang dinyatakan Pencatat harus memelihara suatu daftar pernyataan-pernyataan, penarikan dari pernyataan dan penarikan dari kategori-kategori hak non-konsensual atau kepentingan non-konsensual yang disampaikan kepada Pencatat oleh Lembaga Penyimpan setelah dinyatakan oleh Negara Peserta sesuai dengan Pasal 39 dan 40 dan tanggal dari pernyataan tersebut atau penarikan pernyataan. Daftar itu dicatat dan dapat dilakukan pencarian berdasarkan nama dari Negara yang melakukan pernyataan dan dibuat dapat diakses oleh orang yang meminta informasi sebagaimana diatur dalam Protokol dan peraturan-peraturan.

Nilai pembuktian dari bukti tertulis Suatu dokumen dalam bentuk yang diatur oleh peraturan-peraturan yang dimaksudkan sebagai suatu bukti tertulis yang dikeluarkan oleh Kantor Pendaftaran Internasional merupakan bukti yang sempurna: (a) bahwa bukti tertulis itu telah diterbitkan; dan (b) dari fakta yang terdaftar di dalamnya, termasuk tanggal dan waktu pendaftaran. Pasal 25 - Penghapusan dari pendaftaran 1. Dimana kewajiban yang dijamin melalui kepentingan jaminan yang didaftarkan atau kewajiban-kewajiban yang menimbulkan hak atau kepentingan non-konsensual yang terdaftar telah dihapuskan, atau dimana persyaratan pengalihan atas hak berdasarkan perjanjian pencadangan atas hak terdaftar telah dipenuhi, pemegang dari .kepentingan semacam itu, tanpa menunda-nunda, mendapatkan penghapusan dari pendaftaran setelah mendapatkan tuntutan tertulis dari debitur yang disampaikan pada atau diterima pada alamatnya sebagaimana tertera dalam pendaftaran. 2. Dimana suatu kepentingan internasional prospektif atau pengalihan prospektif atas suatu kepentingan internasional telah didaftarkan, kreditur yang dimaksud atau penerima pengalihan yang dimaksud, tanpa menunda-nunda, mendapatkan penghapusan dari pencatatan setelah tuntutan tertulis dari debitur yang dimaksud atau pemberi pengalihan yang dimaksud yang dikirimkan pada atau diterima pada alamatnya sebagaimana tertera dalam pendaftaran sebelum kreditur atau penerima pengalihan yang dimaksud telah memberikan nilai atau memberikan suatu komitmen untuk memberikan nilai. 3. Dimana kewajiban yang dijamin oleh suatu kepentingan nasional yang disebutkan dalam pemberitahuan terdaftar dari suatu kepentingan nasional telah dihapuskan, pemegang dari kepentingan semacam itu, tanpa menunda-nunda, mendapatkan penghapusan dari pendaftaran setelah tuntutan tertulis dari debitur dikirimkan pada atau diterima pada alamatnya sebagaimana tertera dalam pendaftar. 4. Dimana suatu pendaftaran tidak seharusnya telah dibuat atau salah, seseorang yang untuk keuntungannya pendaftaran dilakukan, tanpa menunda-nunda, mendapatkan penghapusan atau perubahan atas pendaftaran itu setelah tuntutan tertulis dari debitur dikirimkan pada atau diterima pada alamatnya sebagaimana tertera dalam pendaftaran. Pasal 26 - Akses terhadap Fasilitas pendaftaran internasional Tidak seorangpun dihalangi untuk mengakses pendaftaran dan fasilitas pencarian dari Kantor Pendaftaran lnternasional atas alasan apapun, kecuali dalam hal ia tidak dapat memenuhi prosedur sebagaimana disyaratkan dalam Bab ini.

Personalitas hukum; kekebalan 1. Badan Pengawas memiliki personalitas hukum internasional dalam hal ia belum memiliki personalitas semacam itu. 2. Badan Pengawas dan pejabat-pejabatnya dan pekerjanya menikmati kekebalan dari hukum dan proses administratif sebagaimana diatur dalam Protokol. 3. (a) Badan Pengawas akan menikmati pengecualian dari pajak dan hak-hak istimewa semacam itu sebagaimana diatur dalam perjanjian dengan Negara tuan rumah. (b) Demi tujuan ayat ini, "Negara tuan rumah" berarti Negara dimana Badan Pengawas berada. 4. Aset-aset, dokumen-dokumen, data base, serta arsip-arsip dari Kantor Pendaftaran Internasional tidak dapat dituntut dan kebal terhadap penyitaan atau proses hukum atau proses administratif lainnya. 5. Demi tujuan tuntutan terhadap Pencatat berdasarkan Pasal 28 ayat (1) atau Pasal 44, pihak penuntut berhak untuk mendapatkan informasi dan dokumen-dokumen yang diperlukan bagi pihak penuntut untuk meneguhkan tuntutannya. 6. Badan Pengawas dapat melepaskan hak istimewa untuk tidak dituntut dan kekebalan sebagaimana diberikan dalam ayat 4.

Tanggung Jawab dan Jaminan keuangan 1. Pencatat bertanggungjawab untuk membayar ganti rugi atas kerugian yang diderita oleh seseorang secara langsung akibat kesalahan atau tidak dilakukannya suatu tindakan oleh Pencatat dan pejabat-pejabatnya serta pegawainya atau akibat kerusakan sistem pendaftaran internasional kecuali dalam hal kerusakan disebabkan oleh kejadian yang sifatnya tidak dapat dielakkan dan tidak dapat dicegah, yang tidak dapat dihalangi dengan tindakan terbaik yang digunakan di bidang rancang bangun dan operasi Pendaftaran elektronik, termasuk hal-hal yang terkait dengan [back up] dan sistem keamanan serta jaringan. 2. Pencatat tidak bertanggung jawab atas hal-hal yang diatur dalam ayat terdahulu akibat ketidakakuratan fakta dari informasi pendaftaran yang diterima atau dikirimkan oleh Pencatat dalam bentuk sebagaimana Pencatat menerima informasi tersebut ataupun Pencatat atau pejabat-pejabat serta pegawainya tidak bertanggung jawab akibat tindakan atau keadaan yang timbul sebelum diterimanya informasi pendaftaran pada kantor Pendaftaran Internasional. 3. Kompensasi menurut ayat 1 dapat dikurangi sejauh orang yang menderita kerugian menyebabkan ataupun turut andil dalam kerugian tersebut. 4. Pencatat wajib mendapatkan asuransi ataupun garansi keuangan yang melindungi tanggung jawabnya sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal ini sejauh hal itu ditentukan oleh Badan Pengawas sesuai dengan Protokol.

Selain itu, ketentuan-ketentuan umum Pasal 1, Pasal 5, Bab-bab IV sampai VII, Pasal 29 (yang bukan Pasal 29 (3) yang diganti dengan Pasal XIV (1) dan (2), Bab X, Bab XII (yang bukan Pasal 43), Bab XIII and