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UU Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Pasal 40

BAB 4 — PENYIDIKAN, PENUNTUTAN, DAN PEMERIKSAAN DI SIDANG PENGADILAN

Dalam hal terdapat cukup alasan untuk mengajukan perkara korupsi di lingkungan Peradilan Militer, maka ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 123 ayat (1) huruf g Undang-undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1997 tentang Peradilan Militer tidak dapat diberlakukan.

Requirement: Corruption cases must be prioritized over other cases

Implications:

  • Applies to all stages: investigation, prosecution, trial
  • Ensures swift processing
  • Prevents backlog and delay tactics

Base law: KUHAP (Criminal Procedure Code - UU 8/1981)

Exception: Special provisions in this law supersede KUHAP

Trigger: Complex cases difficult to prove

Coordinator: Attorney General (Jaksa Agung)

Examples of "difficult to prove" (per Explanation):

  • Cross-sectoral corruption
  • Technology-based crimes
  • Cases involving high state officials

Obligation: Suspect must disclose:

  • Own assets
  • Spouse and children's assets
  • Assets of persons/corporations suspected of connection to crime

Purpose: Trace proceeds of corruption

Enforcement: Failure = crime under Pasal 22

Major innovation: Investigators/prosecutors/judges can access bank records

Process:

  1. Request submitted to Governor of Bank Indonesia
  2. BI must comply within 3 working days
  3. Applies at all stages (investigation, prosecution, trial)

Account Freezing:

  • Investigators can request account blocking
  • Must be lifted same day if insufficient evidence found

Scope of "rekening":

  • Demand deposits, savings, time deposits
  • Safe deposit boxes
  • Securities custody
  • Interest, dividends, and other returns

Powers: Open, examine, seize:

  • Mail
  • Telecommunications
  • Other communications

Normally requires court order (KUHAP), but this law grants direct authority

Protection: Identity of informant/reporter must not be revealed

Applies to:

  • Witnesses
  • All persons connected to case

Enforcement:

  • Must be explained before examination
  • Violation = crime under Pasal 24

"Pelapor" defined: Person providing information (not formal complainant under KUHAP)

Principle: State can recover losses even if criminal case fails

Three scenarios:

Pasal 32(1) - Insufficient criminal evidence:

  • If investigation finds insufficient proof for conviction
  • But state loss is clear
  • → Transfer to State Attorney for civil suit

Pasal 32(2) - Acquittal:

  • Acquittal in criminal case doesn't bar civil suit for recovery

Pasal 33 - Suspect dies during investigation:

  • Civil suit against heirs possible if state loss clear

Pasal 34 - Defendant dies during trial:

  • Civil suit against heirs using trial transcripts

Innovation: Separates criminal liability from civil recovery

General duty to testify (Pasal 35):

  • Everyone must testify as witness or expert

Family exception:

  • Parents, grandparents, siblings, spouse, children, grandchildren exempt
  • Can testify voluntarily with defendant's consent
  • Can testify without oath if defendant doesn't consent

Professional secrets (Pasal 36):

  • Doctors, lawyers, accountants, etc. must testify despite professional confidentiality
  • Exception: Religious officials (e.g., Catholic priests)

Defendant's rights and duties:

(1-2) RIGHT to prove innocence:

  • Can present evidence of non-guilt
  • If successful, counts in defendant's favor

(3) DUTY to disclose assets:

  • Must explain own and family assets
  • Must explain suspected connections to case

(4) Unexplained wealth:

  • If cannot explain wealth disproportionate to income
  • → Strengthens existing evidence of guilt

(5) Prosecutor's burden remains:

  • Despite reverse burden, prosecutor must still prove case
  • Reverse burden only supplements, doesn't replace prosecution's duty

"Limited" or "balanced": Both sides have proof burdens

Allowed when:

  • Defendant properly summoned
  • Fails to appear without valid reason

Procedures:

  • Trial proceeds without defendant
  • Verdict announced on court bulletin board, regional office
  • Defendant can appeal verdict
  • If defendant appears before verdict, must be examined

Death before verdict (Pasal 38(5)):

  • If defendant dies but strong evidence exists
  • Judge can order asset forfeiture on prosecutor's motion
  • No appeal allowed
  • Third parties can object within 30 days

Purpose: Prevent fugitives from evading justice and protect state assets

Pasal 39 - Joint cases:

  • When corruption involves both civilian and military personnel
  • Attorney General coordinates investigation and prosecution

Pasal 40 - Military court limitation:

  • Corruption cases can proceed in civilian court even if suspect is military
  • Overrides general military court jurisdiction (UU 31/1997 Pasal 123(1)g)

Significance: Prevents military courts from blocking corruption cases

  1. Bank secrecy pierced - Direct access to financial records
  2. Wiretapping - Communication interception without court order
  3. Asset freezing - Immediate account blocking
  4. Joint teams - Multi-agency coordination

Criminal track:

  • Imprisonment and fines
  • Asset forfeiture

Civil track:

  • Recovery of state losses
  • Survives criminal acquittal
  • Applies to heirs if defendant dies

  1. Asset disclosure duty - Suspect must explain wealth

  2. Limited reverse burden - Defendant can prove innocence

  3. Unexplained wealth - Strengthens guilt evidence

  4. Whistleblower anonymity - Identity protection

  5. Trial in absentia - Fugitives can't escape justice

  6. Post-death recovery - Assets seized even if defendant dies

This chapter creates numerous lex specialis provisions superseding KUHAP:

| KUHAP Rule | UU 31/1999 Exception | |------------|---------------------| | Court order for wiretap | Direct investigator authority (Pasal 30) | | Bank secrecy | 3-day mandatory disclosure (Pasal 29) | | Defendant must be present | Trial in absentia allowed (Pasal 38) | | Professional secrecy | Must testify except religious (Pasal 36) | | Prosecutor proves case | Limited reverse burden (Pasal 37) | | Criminal acquittal final | Civil suit still possible (Pasal 32) |

Related Chapters:

  • [[UU_31_1999_BAB_2]] - Substantive crimes being prosecuted
  • [[UU_31_1999_BAB_3]] - Obstruction crimes (enforced by these procedures)

Referenced by:

  • [[UU_31_1999_PASAL_22]] - False testimony crime (references Pasal 28, 29, 35, 36)
  • [[UU_31_1999_PASAL_24]] - Whistleblower protection violation (references Pasal 31)

Base Law:

  • [[UU_8_1981]] - KUHAP (Criminal Procedure Code)

Referenced Laws:

  • [[UU_31_1997]] - Military Courts (Pasal 40)
  • [[UU_PERBANKAN]] - Banking Law (bank secrecy provisions overridden)

Implementing:

  • [[UU_30_2002]] - KPK Law (incorporates these procedural powers)
  • [[PP_71_2000]] - Public Participation Procedures

Chapter: BAB IV - PENYIDIKAN, PENUNTUTAN, DAN PEMERIKSAAN DI SIDANG PENGADILAN Articles: Pasal 25-40 (16 articles) Parent Regulation: UU_31_1999 Status: Active

Previous: [[UU_31_1999_BAB_3]] Next: [[UU_31_1999_BAB_5]] Parent: [[UU_31_1999]] Explanation: [[UU_31_1999_PENJELASAN_PASAL_25]] through [[UU_31_1999_PENJELASAN_PASAL_40]]

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