Pasal 20
BAB 2 — TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
(1) Dalam hal tindak pidana korupsi dilakukan oleh atau atas nama suatu korporasi, maka tuntutan dan penjatuhan pidana dapat dilakukan terhadap korporasi dan atau pengurusnya.
(2) Tindak pidana Korupsi dilakukan oleh korporasi apabila tindak pidana tersebut dilakukan oleh orang-orang baik berdasarkan hubungan kerja maupun berdasarkan hubungan lain, bertindak dalam lingkungan korporasi tersebut baik sendiri maupun bersama-sama.
(3) Dalam hal tuntutan pidana dilakukan terhadap suatu korporasi, maka korporasi tersebut diwakili oleh pengurus.
(4) Pengurus yang mewakili korporasi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (3) dapat diwakili oleh orang lain.
(5) Hakim dapat memerintahkan supaya pengurus korporasi menghadap sendiri di pengadilan dan dapat pula memerintahkan supaya pengurus tersebut dibawa ke sidang pengadilan.
(6) Dalam hal tuntutan pidana dilakukan terhadap korporasi, maka panggilan untuk menghadap dan penyerahan surat panggilan tersebut disampaikan kepada pengurus di tempat tinggal pengurus atau di tempat pengurus berkantor.
(7) Pidana pokok yang dapat dijatuhkan terhadap korporasi hanya pidana denda, dengan ketentuan maksimum pidana ditambah 1/3 (satu pertiga).
Pasal 2 - Unlawful Enrichment:
- Elements: (1) Unlawful act, (2) Enriching self/others/corporation, (3) Can harm state finances/economy
- Penalty: Life imprisonment OR 4-20 years + Rp 200 million - 1 billion fine
- Death penalty possible in "certain circumstances"
- Formil crime (attempt sufficient, damage need not occur)
Pasal 3 - Abuse of Authority:
- Elements: (1) Intent to enrich, (2) Abuse of authority/opportunity/means, (3) Due to position, (4) Can harm state
- Penalty: Life imprisonment OR 1-20 years + Rp 50 million - 1 billion fine
These articles "incorporate" Criminal Code provisions with enhanced penalties:
| Article | KUHP Reference | Crime Type | Max Penalty | |---------|----------------|------------|-------------| | Pasal 5 | Pasal 209 | Bribery of civil servant | 5 years + Rp 250 million | | Pasal 6 | Pasal 210 | Bribery of judge | 15 years + Rp 750 million | | Pasal 7 | Pasal 387-388 | Embezzlement in office | 7 years + Rp 350 million | | Pasal 8 | Pasal 415 | Civil servant accepting gift | 15 years + Rp 750 million | | Pasal 9 | Pasal 416 | Gift related to authority | 5 years + Rp 250 million | | Pasal 10 | Pasal 417 | Civil servant soliciting gift | 7 years + Rp 350 million | | Pasal 11 | Pasal 418 | Extortion by civil servant | 5 years + Rp 250 million | | Pasal 12 | Pasal 419,420,423,425,435 | Gratification & related | Life/20 years + Rp 1 billion |
Beyond imprisonment and fines:
- Asset Forfeiture - Including proceeds of corruption and companies used in corruption
- Substitute Money Payment (Uang Pengganti) - Equal to illicit gains
- If unpaid within 1 month → asset seizure and auction
- If insufficient assets → additional imprisonment up to maximum penalty
- Business Closure - Up to 1 year
- Rights Revocation - Loss of government-granted privileges
Major innovation from prior law (UU 3/1971):
Corporations can be prosecuted alongside or instead of individuals
Corporation acts through employees/agents within corporate scope
Penalty for corporations: Fine only (principal penalty + 1/3)
Prosecution procedures detailed for corporate representation
Persons outside Indonesia who facilitate corruption can be prosecuted
Same penalties as principal offenders
Addresses cross-border corruption
Formil Crime (Pasal 2,3):
- Word "dapat" (can) means damage need not actually occur
- Attempt is sufficient for conviction
No Exoneration by Restitution (Pasal 4):
- Returning stolen funds does not eliminate criminal liability
- Restitution only a mitigating factor
Equal Penalty for Accomplices (Pasal 15):
- Attempt, aiding, abetting, conspiracy = same penalty as principal crime
- Exception to general criminal law (normally reduced by 1/3)
Third Party Protection (Pasal 19):
- Good faith third parties protected from asset forfeiture
- Can file objection within 2 months of verdict
- Objection doesn't stop execution
Related Chapters:
- [[UU_31_1999_BAB_1]] - Definitions (Korporasi, Pegawai Negeri)
- [[UU_31_1999_BAB_3]] - Related crimes (obstruction, perjury)
- [[UU_31_1999_BAB_4]] - Procedures (investigation, prosecution, trial)
Referenced Laws:
- [[KUHP_PASAL_209]] - Bribery
- [[KUHP_PASAL_210]] - Bribery of judge
- [[KUHP_PASAL_387]] - Embezzlement
- [[KUHP_PASAL_388]] - Embezzlement by civil servant
- [[KUHP_PASAL_415]] - Accepting gift
- [[KUHP_PASAL_416]] - Gift related to authority
- [[KUHP_PASAL_417]] - Soliciting gift
- [[KUHP_PASAL_418]] - Extortion
- [[KUHP_PASAL_419]] - Contractor fraud
- [[KUHP_PASAL_420]] - Fraud in public duties
- [[KUHP_PASAL_423]] - Misuse of public funds
- [[KUHP_PASAL_425]] - Falsification by civil servant
- [[KUHP_PASAL_435]] - Use of violence to obtain confession
Amendments:
- [[UU_20_2001]] - Significantly amended Pasal 12 (gratification)
Implementing Regulations:
- [[UU_30_2002]] - Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK)
Chapter: BAB II - TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI Articles: Pasal 2-20 (19 articles) Parent Regulation: UU_31_1999 Status: Active (amended by UU 20/2001)
Previous: [[UU_31_1999_BAB_1]] Next: [[UU_31_1999_BAB_3]] Parent: [[UU_31_1999]] Explanation: [[UU_31_1999_PENJELASAN_PASAL_2]] through [[UU_31_1999_PENJELASAN_PASAL_20]]