Pasal 1

Dalam Undang-undang ini yang dimaksud dengan:

1. Korporasi adalah kumpulan orang dan atau kekayaan yang terorganisasi baik merupakan badan hukum maupun bukan badan hukum.

2. Pegawai Negeri adalah meliputi:

• a. pegawai negeri sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-undang tentang Kepegawaian;
• b. pegawai negeri sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana;
• c. orang yang menerima gaji atau upah dari keuangan negara atau daerah;
• d. orang yang menerima gaji atau upah dari suatu korporasi yang menerima bantuan dari keuangan negara atau daerah; atau
• e. orang yang menerima gaji atau upah dari korporasi lain yang mempergunakan modal atau fasilitas dari negara atau masyarakat.

3. Setiap orang adalah orang perseorangan atau termasuk korporasi.

Definition of Corporation (Korporasi):

• Includes both legal entities (badan hukum) and non-legal entities
• Can be a collection of people and/or assets
• Must be organized

Expanded Definition of Civil Servant (Pegawai Negeri): This law significantly expands the traditional definition to include:

1. Traditional civil servants under Civil Service Law
2. Civil servants under Criminal Code definition
3. Anyone receiving salary from state/regional budget
4. Employees of corporations receiving state/regional financial assistance
5. Employees of corporations using state capital or facilities

This expansion is crucial for anti-corruption enforcement, as it extends liability to:

• State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) employees
• Regional-Owned Enterprise (BUMD) employees
• Employees of private companies with state investment
• Employees of companies using state facilities

Legal Subject (Setiap Orang):

• Includes both natural persons and corporations
• Establishes corporate criminal liability

1. Broadened Scope: The expanded definition of "Pegawai Negeri" allows prosecution of corruption beyond traditional civil servants

2. Corporate Liability: Recognition of corporations as legal subjects enables prosecution of entities, not just individuals

3. State Asset Protection: Definition covers not just direct state funds but also state facilities and capital in mixed enterprises

4. Anti-Evasion: Prevents corruption through corporate structures or state-assisted entities

Related Provisions:

• [[UU_31_1999_PASAL_20]] - Corporate criminal responsibility procedures
• [[UU_31_1999_PENJELASAN_PASAL_1]] - Detailed explanation of definitions

Referenced Laws:

• [[UU_KEPEGAWAIAN]] - Civil Service Law (referenced in definition)
• [[KUHP]] - Criminal Code (referenced in definition)

Applied In:

• [[UU_31_1999_PASAL_2]] - Unlawful enrichment (applies to "setiap orang")
• [[UU_31_1999_PASAL_3]] - Abuse of authority (applies to positions within defined scope)

Who Can Be Prosecuted:

• Government employees at all levels
• SOE/BUMD directors and employees
• Private company employees using state facilities
• Corporations and their management

What Constitutes State Interest:

• Direct state budget funds
• State capital investment in companies
• State facilities (e.g., preferential licenses, tax breaks, subsidized loans)
• Public funds or facilities

Chapter: BAB I - KETENTUAN UMUM Articles: Pasal 1 Parent Regulation: UU_31_1999 Status: Active

Previous: [[UU_31_1999_PREAMBLE]] Next: [[UU_31_1999_BAB_2]] Parent: [[UU_31_1999]] Explanation: [[UU_31_1999_PENJELASAN_PASAL_1]]